在第39屆會議在德國波恩召開之際

我們，世界遺產委員會的成員，

1.強調在聯合國教科文組織成立70周年之際，有必要重振聯合國教科文組織自1945年以來制訂的核心價值觀和原則的必要性；

2.重申以正義、自由與和平為目的的文化和教育對於人類尊嚴不可或缺，也是所有國家的責任；

3.日益密切地關注在發生武裝沖突和自然災害地區的知名世界遺產地和其他文化遺產地、遺產實體遭到破壞或發生毀壞的現象，同時警惕在這些地區劫掠與非法販運文化遺產和文物的行為；

4.意識到我們有責任保護因其自然美、獨特性和普遍性而具價值的世界遺產，使它們免於過度開發、自然災害、平民騷亂和/或武裝沖突的破壞；

5.憶及聯合國教科文組織的七項文化公約，它們相輔相成、彼此加強、共同致力於保護和蘊育所有形式的人類文化和創造力；

6.憶及對為宗教、教育、藝術、科學或慈善目的的建築物和歷史紀念建築的蓄意攻擊可能構成戰爭犯罪；

7.牢記2003年《教科文組織關於蓄意破壞文化遺產問題的宣言》和聯合國教科文組織執行局於2015年4月21日通過的第196EX/29決議中，關於聯合國教科文組織出於人道主義關切和安全問題的考慮、在沖突地區保護文化的角色與職責的內容；

8.注意到：

——伊斯蘭合作組織 (OIC) 在聯合國教科文組織為支持前述執行局決議96EX/29、針對保護伊拉克、敘利亞和利比亞文化遺產所發表的宣言；

——中東地區和非洲北部國家部長級會議於2015年5月14日發布的《開羅宣言》；

——2015年4月30日有關伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯蘭國（ISIL / Daesh）對文化遺產地進行造成破壞的歐洲議會決議（(2015/2649(RSP))；

——聯合國教科文組織1970年公約第三次締約國大會在審議了“秘書處在緊急情況下為打擊非法販運文化財產所采取的行動”報告之後通過的決議3.MSP 9；

9．牢記所有相關的條約、公約、法律文書和宣言，其中包括與在自然災害方面加強緊急援助相關的內容；

10.憶及聯合國安全理事會決議的一系列決議——包括第1484/2003號決議和關於“恐怖主義行為對國際和平與安全造成的威脅”的第2199、2015號決議；

11.同時憶及聯合國大會於2015年5月28日通過的關於“拯救伊拉克文化遺產”的第69/281決議、於2015年5月15日通過的“為應對尼泊爾地震造成的破壞性影響加強緊急救援、修復和重建工作”的第69/280號決議、以及其他為保護文化遺產而加強預防犯罪和刑事司法的相關決議；

12.對伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯蘭國（ISIL/Daesh）和其他極端組織意圖通過根據文化、種族或宗教背景，蓄意攻擊個人和社區、以及人們舉行禮拜、有特殊記憶和進行學習的場所，以破壞其文化多樣性而再三進行襲擊、破壞和暴力的行為深感震驚；

13.同時對由非法盜掘、有組織的劫掠和販賣文物對文化遺產造成越來越多的威脅感到警覺，它們對不可替代的文化魁寶造成了嚴重的危害，其中包括許多分布在阿富汗、伊拉克、利比亞、馬裡、敘利亞和也門的聯合國教科文組織世界遺產地；

14.呼吁關注中非共和國、科特迪瓦、剛果和尼日爾民主共和國的世界自然遺產地長期以來面臨的問題，這些問題很可能在戰爭狀態結束後仍長期存在；

15.為2015年地震對尼泊爾文化遺產和自然遺產造成的巨大破壞感到擔憂，也銘記2010年海地地震造成的破壞迄今仍有持續影響；

16.堅信聯合國教科文組織的各項文化公約為保護文化和遺產免受各種威脅和挑戰、在國家層面采取措施和在國際層面開展合作提供了合適的框架；

17.譴責所謂的伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯蘭國（ISIL），又稱Daesh，近期針對伊拉克的文化遺產進行的野蠻襲擊、暴力和犯罪行為，其中包括位於哈特拉的世界遺產地，這些行徑令人聯想起在巴米揚、廷巴克圖和世界其他地區對文化遺產進行的肆意破壞；

18.譴責參與沖突的各方將文化遺產地暴露在軍事行動中或為軍事目的利用文化遺產地的行徑，包括將遺產地作為參戰人員的庇護所、在其中關押當地社區作為人質、以及濫用武器和炸藥的行為，這些行為對敘利亞的阿勒頗古城、武士堡、布斯拉古城和其他重要的遺產地造成了大面積的破壞；

19.對同樣受到武裝沖突造成破壞威脅的帕爾米拉古城遺址世界遺產地表示深切關注；

20.對在也門爆發的持續戰爭沖突表達最大程度的關注，其沖突造成多處文物古跡和文化遺產遭到破壞，尤其是馬裡卜古城、薩那古城世界遺產地和亞丁市的文化遺產。

21.譴責將對文物的破壞和劫掠作為戰爭軍事策略、並作為恐怖主義資金來源的行為；

22.呼吁參與武裝沖突的各方避免利用文化和自然遺產地和紀念性建築物服務於軍事目的、以它們為軍事打擊目標的行為，這是對國際法的公然踐踏，並呼吁各方遵守其在各項國際條約中應該履行的責任，如1954年《關於武裝沖突情況下保護文化財產的海牙公約》及其1999年協定、以及國際慣例法中有關對侵害遺產地的行為保持克制的相關條款；

23.建議聯合國安全理事會對在適當情況下、將在一定程度上對遺產進行保護的任務納入維和行動的可能性進行分析；如針對在武裝沖突中和沖突結束後保護文化遺產與非物質文化遺產進行補充訓練；提高人們對於文化是戰後社會穩定、團結與重建重要資源的意識；

24.很遺憾尼泊爾的文化與自然遺產作為世界遺產不可分割的一部分在最近的地震中遭到了嚴重的破壞和損失，並邀請所有締約國繼續積極實施於2015年5月15日通過的有關“為應對尼泊爾地震造成的破壞性影響加強緊急救援、修復和重建工作”的第69/280號決議；

25.提醒加入《世界遺產公約》的締約國其具有在國家和國際層面保護具有突出普遍價值的文化與自然遺產的義務、以及對其籌集充足資金以幫助聯合國教科文組織履行職責也有日益增長的要求，並為此目的，呼吁締約國通過更迅速和充分地應對緊急情況、考慮雙邊或多邊項目和各種形式合作的要求以及最近成立的聯合國教科文組織世界遺產緊急援助基金，履行其保護自然和文化遺產的職責；

26.鼓勵那些尚未加入《世界遺產公約》和其他有關文化的國際法律文件的國家簽署這些公約和文件。

27.號召締約國對其是否落實適當的法律約束以及其他工具的情況進行評估，並在國家層面加強其保護文化與自然遺產的立法與實踐，同時為打擊文物的非法販運和非法交易采取更為有效的措施；

28.號召締約國和其他相關方，加強在保護和保存文化遺產方面的政府間合作與執法合作，並加強所有相關第三方的積極參與——尤其是活躍在藝術和文化領域的第三方——作為全面打擊所有形式非法販運文化遺產的措施；

29.歡迎聯合國教科文組織為抵制仇恨宣傳、針對專業團體和個人、尤其是年輕人發起的 “為遺產而聯合”的運動，以及由聯合國教科文組織總干事為文化保護發起的一個“全球聯盟”，該聯盟旨在將來自文化、人道主義、安全和其他相關部門的國際社會和參與者圍繞保護文化和促進文化多元主義而采取行動的共同的目的團結在一起。

30.敦促聯合國教科文組織與“國際機構間人道主義協同體系”保持一致，加強其在實施和協調於武裝沖突或自然災害的情況下保護遺產的綜合應對行動中的國際領導地位；

31.邀請聯合國教科文組織各文化公約的所有締約國在聯合國教科文組織的領導下聯合並分享其專業知識與技能，並為實現利益最大化協調其雙邊和國際緊急援助項目；

32.承諾將推動本宣言的各項目標，以加強文化和自然遺產的國際保護，並承諾為聯合國教科文組織總干事發起的“全球聯盟”作出積極貢獻，因為我們認識到要建設明天的和平事業，必須在今天捍衛我們具有多樣性和包容性的共同遺產。

（以上《世界遺產波恩宣言》中文翻譯轉載自“清源文化遺產”微信公眾號—mobiheritage，作者CHCC）

The Bonn Declaration on World Heritage

On the occasion of its 39th session in Bonn/Germany

We, the members of the World Heritage Committee,

1. Emphasizing the need in the year of the 70th anniversary to revive the core values and principles forged by UNESCO since 1945,

2. Reaffirming that culture and education for justice, liberty and peace are indispensable to human dignity and the duty of all states,

3. Growingly concerned about the physical damages inflicted or occurred in prominent world heritage and other cultural sites in areas exposed to armed conflict and natural disasters and also alarmed by the looting and illicit trafficking of cultural properties and assets in those areas,

4. Conscious of our responsibility to safeguard World Heritage sites valued for their natural beauty, uniqueness and universality against, overexploitation, natural disasters, civilian unrest and/or armed conflicts,

5. Recalling UNESCO’s seven culture conventions designed to complement and reinforce each other to safeguard and nurture human culture and creativity in all its forms,

6. Recalling that intentional attacks against buildings dedicated to religion, education, art, science or charitable purposes and historic monuments may amount to war crimes;

7. Bearing in mind the 2003 UNESCO Declaration concerning Intentional Destruction of Cultural Heritage and UNESCO Executive Board Decision 196EX/29 of 21 April 2015 on UNESCO’s role and responsibilities in protecting culture in conflict areas as a humanitarian concern and safety issue;

8. Taking note of:

- the Declaration of the Organization of the Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Group at UNESCO on Safeguarding of Iraqi, Syrian and Libyan Cultural Heritage supporting the aforementioned Executive Board Decision 196EX/29;

- the Cairo Declaration by the Ministerial Conference of Middle East and Northern African States of 14 May 2015;

- the European Parliament Resolution of 30 April 2015 on the destruction of cultural sites perpetrated by ISIL/Daesh (2015/2649(RSP);

- Resolution 3.MSP 9 of the 3rd Meeting of States Parties to the UNESCO 1970 Convention (18-20 May 2015) following the report on the actions undertaken by the Secretariat to fight against illicit trafficking of cultural property in emergency situations;

9. Keeping in mind all relevant treaties, conventions, legal instruments and declarations, including the ones to strengthen emergency assistance in the field of natural disasters,

10. Recalling United Nations Security Council resolutions: including Resolution 1483 (2003), Resolution 2199 (2015) on threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts,

11. Also recalling United Nations General Assembly resolutions 69/281 on Saving the Cultural Heritage of Iraq adopted on 28 May 2015 and 69/280 on Strengthening Emergency Relief, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction in Response to the Devastating Effects of the Earthquake in Nepal adopted on 15 May 2015, as well as other resolutions strengthening crime prevention and criminal justice responses to protect cultural properties,

12. Deeply shocked by repeated attacks, destructions and violence perpetrated by ISIL/Daesh and other extremist groups, aimed at destroying cultural diversity through deliberate targeting of individuals and communities on the basis of cultural, ethnic or religious background, as well as places of worship, memory and learning,

13. Also alarmed by the increasing number of threats to cultural heritage through illegal excavations, organized looting and trafficking of cultural objects, which seriously undermine irreplaceable cultural treasures, among them UNESCO World Heritage sites in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Mali, Syria and Yemen,

14. Calling attention to the enduring problems at natural world heritage sites in the Central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Niger, which are likely to continue long after the end of hostilities,

15. Greatly concerned by the enormous damage caused to Nepal’s cultural and natural heritage by the earthquake in 2015 , and also remembering still continuing effects of the devastation caused by the earthquake in Haiti in 2010;

16. Convinced that UNESCO’s culture Conventions provide the proper framework for national measures and international cooperation in protecting culture and heritage against all threats and challenges;

17. Condemn the barbaric assaults, violence and crimes committed in recent times by the so called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) also known as Daesh against the cultural heritage of Iraq, including the World Heritage site at Hatra, which recalls mindless destructions in Bamiyan, Timbuktu and elsewhere;

18. Deplore the exposure of and use of cultural heritage sites in military operations by the parties to various conflicts, including as shelter to protect combatants, to keep hostage local indigenous communities and by indiscriminate use of weapons and explosives, which resulted in widespread destruction of Aleppo, Crac de Chevaliers, Bosra and other significant sites;

19. Express deep concern about the World Heritage site of Palmyra, which also has been exposed to threat of destruction because of armed conflict;

20. Express utmost concern about the continuing hostilities in Yemen, which inflict damage to cultural sites and properties especially in the ancient city of Marib, the World Heritage Site of the Old City of Sana’a and the city of Aden;

21. Denounce the destruction and looting of cultural objects used as a tactic of war and as a source to fund terrorism;

22. Call upon all parties to armed conflicts to refrain from military use or targeting of cultural and natural heritage sites and monuments that constitute flagrant violation of international law and to comply with their obligations under international treaties such as the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its 1999 Protocol as well as relevant rules of customary international law, to refrain from any act of aggression against heritage sites;

23. Recommend that the Security Council analyzes the possibility of introducing a specific dimension of heritage protection in the mandates of peacekeeping missions where appropriate; delivering for instance complementary training modules focusing on the protection of cultural property both tangible and intangible, during and in the aftermath of armed conflicts; raising awareness of culture as a critical resource for the stability, social cohesion and reconstruction of societies affected by war;

24. Regret that Nepal’s cultural and natural heritage which is inseparable part of world heritage suffered severe damage and losses during recent earthquakes and invite all States Parties to vigorously continue implementing Resolution 69/280 on Strengthening Emergency Relief, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction in Response to the Devastating Effects of the Earthquake in Nepal adopted on 15 May 2015;

25. Remind States Parties to the World Heritage Convention of their obligation to safeguard cultural and natural heritage of Outstanding Universal Value at the national and international level and the growing need to raise sufficient funds to help UNESCO fulfill its mandate, and towards that end appeal them to fulfill their obligations in preserving natural and cultural heritage by responding more quickly and substantially to emergency situations, taking into consideration the requirements of bilateral or multilateral programs and forms of cooperation as well as the recently established UNESCO Heritage Emergency Fund;

26. Encourage States that have not yet ratified the World Heritage Convention and other cultural international legal instruments to do so;

27. Call upon States Parties to evaluate their implementation of pertinent legally binding and other instruments and to strengthen their national legislation and practice for the protection of cultural and natural heritage, also by introducing more effective measures to combat illicit trafficking and illegal trade of cultural properties;

28. Call upon States Parties and other interested parties, to strengthen their intergovernmental and law-enforcement cooperation on the protection and preservation of cultural heritage, as well as to reinforce active participation of all interested third parties - especially those active in the fields of art and culture - in measures to combat all forms and aspects of trafficking in cultural properties;

29. Welcome UNESCO’s #Unite4Heritage campaign for countering the propaganda of hatred and addressing professional communities and individuals, in particular the young people, as well as the launching by the Director-General of UNESCO of a Global Coalition for the protection of culture aimed at rallying the international community and actors from the cultural, humanitarian, security and other relevant sectors around an agreed agenda for action for the protection of culture and the promotion of cultural pluralism;

30. Request UNESCO to enhance its international leadership in the operationalization and coordination of a comprehensive response to the protection of heritage in the event of armed conflict or natural disaster in agreement with the International Inter-Agency Humanitarian Coordination System;

31. Invite all States Parties to UNESCO Culture Conventions to join forces and share their expertise under the leadership of UNESCO, and to coordinate their bilateral and international emergency relief projects for achieving the maximum possible benefit;

32. Commit ourselves to promote the objectives of this declaration in order to strengthen the international protection of cultural and natural heritage and to actively contribute to the Global Coalition launched by the Director-General of UNESCO, recognizing that building peace tomorrow requires defending our common heritage of diversity and tolerance today.